Journal of Reproduction & Infertility

Journal of Reproduction & Infertility

The Profile of Human Sperm Proteome; A Mini-review

Authors
1 Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
2 Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
3 Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
Abstract
New advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics technology are having amajor impact on our understanding of how human spermatozoa acquire their capacity for fertilization. A complete analysis of the proteins found in the human spermatozoa is essential for understanding the events leading up to, and including, fertilization and early embryo development. In this short review, we have collected the human sperm proteome from the literature and analyzed it by the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) software. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that the collected 1,300 proteins were involved in various metabolic pathways including catabolic processes. Additionally, the majority of the collected human sperm proteome belonged to cytoplasm. Application of the multi-dimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT) for obtaining a better coverage of the hydrophobic and basic proteins of the human sperm proteome is recommended.
Keywords

  1. Baccetti B, Afzelius BA. The biology of the sperm cell. Monogr Dev Biol. 1976;(10):1-254.
  2. Mezquita C. Chromatin composition, structure and function in spermatogenesis. Revis Biol Celular. 1985;5:V-XIV, 1-124.
  3. Oliva R, Dixon GH. Vertebrate protamine genes and the histone-to-protamine replacement reaction. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 1991;40:25-94.
  4. Dadoune JP. Expression of mammalian spermatozoal nucleoproteins. Microsc Res Tech. 2003;61(1):56-75.
  5. Ainsworth C. Cell biology: the secret life of sperm. Nature. 2005;436(7052):770-1.
  6. Aebersold R, Mann M. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Nature. 2003;422(6928):198-207.
  7. Conner SJ, Lefièvre L, Kirkman-Brown J, Michelangeli F, Jimenez-Gonzalez C, Machado-Oliveira GS, et al. Understanding the physiology of prefertilisation events in the human spermatozoa--a necessary prerequisite to developing rational therapy. Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl. 2007;63:237-55.
  8. Domon B, Aebersold R. Mass spectrometry and protein analysis. Science. 2006;312(5771):212-7.
  9. Bailey JL, Tardif S, Dubé C, Beaulieu M, Reyes Moreno C, Lefièvre L, et al. Use of phosphorproteomics to study tyrosine kinase activity in capacitating boar sperm. Kinase activity and capacitation. Theriogenology. 2005;63(2):599-614.
  10. Bohring C, Krause W. The characterization of human spermatozoa membrane proteins--surface antigens and immunological infertility. Electrophoresis. 1999;20(4-5):971-6.
  11. Miller MA. Sperm and oocyte isolation methods for biochemical and proteomic analysis. Methods Mol Biol. 2006;351:193-201.
  12. Wang Y, Zhou ZM. [Update of the researches on sperm proteome]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2007;13 (3):250-4. Chinese.
  13. Huang da W, Sherman BT, Lempicki RA. Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources. Nat Protoc. 2009;4(1):44-57.
  14. Wasinger VC, Cordwell SJ, Cerpa-Poljak A, Yan JX, Gooley AA, Wilkins MR, et al. Progress with gene-product mapping of the Mollicutes: Mycoplasma genitalium. Electrophoresis. 1995;16(7): 1090-4.
  15. Jungblut PR, Holzhütter HG, Apweiler R, Schlüter H. The speciation of the proteome. Chem Cent J. 2008;2:16.
  16. de Mateo S, Martínez-Heredia J, Estanyol JM, Domínguez-Fandos D, Vidal-Taboada JM, Ballescà JL, et al. Marked correlations in protein expression identified by proteomic analysis of human spermatozoa. Proteomics. 2007;7(23):4264-77.
  17. Shetty J, Diekman AB, Jayes FC, Sherman NE, Naaby-Hansen S, Flickinger CJ, et al. Differential extraction and enrichment of human sperm surface proteins in a proteome: identification of immunocontraceptive candidates. Electrophoresis. 2001;22 (14):3053-66.
  18. Pixton KL, Deeks ED, Flesch FM, Moseley FL, Björndahl L, Ashton PR, et al. Sperm proteome mapping of a patient who experienced failed fertilization at IVF reveals altered expression of at least 20 proteins compared with fertile donors: case report. Hum Reprod. 2004;19(6):1438-47.
  19. Baker MA, Witherdin R, Hetherington L, Cunningham-Smith K, Aitken RJ. Identification of post-translational modifications that occur during sperm maturation using difference in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteomics. 2005; 5(4):1003-12.
  20. Li LW, Fan LQ, Zhu WB, Nien HC, Sun BL, Luo KL, et al. Establishment of a high-resolution 2-D reference map of human spermatozoal proteins from 12 fertile sperm-bank donors. Asian J Androl. 2007;9(3):321-9.
  21. Martínez-Heredia J, Estanyol JM, Ballescà JL, Oliva R. Proteomic identification of human sperm proteins. Proteomics. 2006;6(15):4356-69.
  22. Zhao C, Huo R, Wang FQ, Lin M, Zhou ZM, Sha JH. Identification of several proteins involved in regulation of sperm motility by proteomic analysis. Fertil Steril. 2007;87(2):436-8.
  23. Liao TT, Xiang Z, Zhu WB, Fan LQ. Proteome analysis of round-headed and normal spermatozoa by 2-D fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Asian J Androl. 2009;11 (6):683-93.
  24. Johnston DS, Wooters J, Kopf GS, Qiu Y, Roberts KP. Analysis of the human sperm proteome. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005;1061:190-202.
  25. Baker MA, Reeves G, Hetherington L, Müller J, Baur I, Aitken RJ. Identification of gene products present in Triton X-100 soluble and insoluble fractions of human spermatozoa lysates using LC-MS/MS analysis. Proteomics Clin Appl. 2007;1(5): 524-32.
  26. Gilany K, Van Elzen R, Mous K, Coen E, Van Dongen W, Vandamme S, et al. The proteome of the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y: an enlarged proteome. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008; 1784(7-8):983-5.
  27. Harrison PM, Kumar A, Lang N, Snyder M, Gerstein M. A question of size: the eukaryotic proteome and the problems in defining it. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002;30(5):1083-90.
  28. Lander ES, Linton LM, Birren B, Nusbaum C, Zody MC, Baldwin J, et al. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature. 2001;409 (6822):860-921.
  29. Jensen ON. Modification-specific proteomics: characterization of post-translational modifications by mass spectrometry. Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2004;8(1):33-41.
  30. Baker MA, Aitken RJ. Proteomic insights into spermatozoa: critiques, comments and concerns. Expert Rev Proteomics. 2009;6(6):691-705.
  31. Fago A, Hundahl C, Dewilde S, Gilany K, Moens L, Weber RE. Allosteric regulation and temperature dependence of oxygen binding in human neuroglobin and cytoglobin. Molecular mechan-isms and physiological significance. J Biol Chem. 2004;279(43):44417-26.
  32. Maes MB, Lambeir AM, Gilany K, Senten K, Van der Veken P, Leiting B, et al. Kinetic investigation of human dipeptidyl peptidase II (DPPII)-mediated hydrolysis of dipeptide derivatives and its identification as quiescent cell proline dipeptidase (QPP)/dipeptidyl peptidase 7 (DPP7). Biochem J. 2005;386(Pt 2):315-24.
  33. de Godoy LM, Olsen JV, Cox J, Nielsen ML, Hubner NC, Fröhlich F, et al. Comprehensive mass-spectrometry-based proteome quantification of haploid versus diploid yeast. Nature. 2008;455 (7217):1251-4.
  34. Peddinti D, Nanduri B, Kaya A, Feugang JM, Burgess SC, Memili E. Comprehensive proteomic analysis of bovine spermatozoa of varying fertility rates and identification of biomarkers associated with fertility. BMC Syst Biol. 2008;2:19.
  35. Dennis G Jr, Sherman BT, Hosack DA, Yang J, Gao W, Lane HC, et al. DAVID: Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. Genome Biol. 2003;4(5):P3.
  36. Hosack DA, Dennis G Jr, Sherman BT, Lane HC, Lempicki RA. Identifying biological themes within lists of genes with EASE. Genome Biol. 2003;4 (10):R70.
  37. Ashburner M, Ball CA, Blake JA, Botstein D, Butler H, Cherry JM, et al. Gene ontology: tool for the unification of biology. The Gene Ontology Consortium. Nat Genet. 2000;25(1):25-9.
  38. Wu CC, MacCoss MJ, Howell KE, Yates JR 3rd. A method for the comprehensive proteomic analysis of membrane proteins. Nat Biotechnol. 2003; 21(5):532-8.
  39. Lohaus C, Nolte A, Blüggel M, Scheer C, Klose J, Gobom J, et al. Multidimensional chromatography: a powerful tool for the analysis of membrane proteins in mouse brain. J Proteome Res. 2007;6 (1):105-13.
  40. Schirle M, Heurtier MA, Kuster B. Profiling core proteomes of human cell lines by one-dimensional PAGE and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003;2(12): 1297-305.
  41. Oliva R, de Mateo S, Estanyol JM. Sperm cell proteomics. Proteomics. 2009;9(4):1004-17.
  42. Wang H, Qian WJ, Chin MH, Petyuk VA, Barry RC, Liu T, et al. Characterization of the mouse brain proteome using global proteomic analysis complemented with cysteinyl-peptide enrichment. J Proteome Res. 2006;5(2):361-9.
  43. Birkeland E, Nygaard G, Oveland E, Mjaavatten O, Ljones M, Doskeland SO, et al. Epac-induced Alterations in the Proteome of Human SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. J Proteomics Bioinform. 2009;2:244-54.
  44. Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, et al. Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nat Biotechnol. 2003;21(5):566-9.
  45. Washburn MP, Wolters D, Yates JR 3rd. Largescale analysis of the yeast proteome by multi-dimensional protein identification technology. Nat Biotechnol. 2001;19(3):242-7.
  46. Chen EI, Hewel J, Felding-Habermann B, Yates JR 3rd. Large scale protein profiling by combination of protein fractionation and multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT). Mol Cell Proteomics. 2006;5(1):53-6.
  47. Staes A, Van Damme P, Helsens K, Demol H, Vandekerckhove J, Gevaert K. Improved recovery of proteome-informative, protein N-terminal peptides by combined fractional diagonal chromatography (COFRADIC). Proteomics. 2008;8(7):1362-70.
  48. Chu DS, Liu H, Nix P, Wu TF, Ralston EJ, Yates JR 3rd, et al. Sperm chromatin proteomics identifies evolutionarily conserved fertility factors. Nature. 2006;443(7107):101-5.