Male Sexual Dysfunction, Leptin, Pituitary and Gonadal Hormones in Nigerian Males with Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Fabian, Unyime Aniekpon; Charles-Davies, Mabel Ayebatonyo; Fasamade, Adesoji Adedipe; Olaniyi, John Ayodele; Oyewole, Oyediran Emmanuel; Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo; Adebusuyi, Jane Roli; Hassan, Olufunke; Ajobo, Babatunde Mohammad; Ebesunun, Maria Onomhaguan; Adigun, Kehinde; Akilade, Kehinde Sola; Arinola, Oltubosun Ganiyu; Agbedana, Emmanuel Oluyemi

Male Sexual Dysfunction, Leptin, Pituitary and Gonadal Hormones in Nigerian Males with Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Authors

Unyime Aniekpon Fabian ¹

Mabel Ayebatonyo Charles-Davies ¹

Adesoji Adedipe Fasamade ²

John Ayodele Olaniyi ³

Oyediran Emmanuel Oyewole ⁴

Mayowa Ojo Owolabi ²

Jane Roli Adebusuyi ⁵

Olufunke Hassan ⁵

Babatunde Mohammad Ajobo ⁶

Maria Onomhaguan Ebesunun ⁷

Kehinde Adigun ⁸

Kehinde Sola Akilade ¹

Oltubosun Ganiyu Arinola ¹

Emmanuel Oluyemi Agbedana ¹

¹ Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

² Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

³ Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

⁴ Department of Health Promotion and Education, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

⁵ Medical Social Services Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

⁶ Dietetics Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

⁷ Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Nigeria

⁸ General Out Patient Unit, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Pituitary and gonadal dysfunctions resulting from increased adiposity leading to disturbances of sexual and reproductive functions have been reported in males with metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The aim of this study was to evaluate sexual dysfunction, leptin, and reproductive hormones in Nigerian males with MS and DM2. Methods: Participants were 104 men (34 males with DM2, 17 men with MS and 53 men with normal body mass index (18.5-24.9 Kg/m 2 ) without MS (controls)). The International Diabetes Federation (2005) criteria were used for MS diagnosis. Reproductive history, anthropometry, blood pressure (BP) and 10 ml fasting blood samples were obtained by standard methods. Fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined by enzymatic methods while low density lipoprotein cholesterol was calculated. Leptin, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), prolactin, testosterone and oestrogen were determined by enzyme immunoassay (leptin by Diagnostic Automation, Inc.; others by Immunometrics (UK) Ltd.) while oestrogen-testosterone ratio was calculated. Data analyzed using ANOVA, Chi square and multiple regression were statistically significant at p<0.05. Results: Testosterone was significantly lower in MS than controls while oestradiol and ETR were significantly higher in MS compared with controls and DM2 group (p<0.05). ETR significantly predicted testosterone in all groups (p<0.05). Significantly lower libido was observed in men in MS than controls and DM2 groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Sexual and reproductive dysfunction may be related to increased conversion of testosterone to oestrogen in increased adipose mass in men with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Keywords

Cardiovasculer disease

leptin

Lipids

Metabolic Syndrome

Pituitary hormones

sex hormone

Sexual dysfunction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

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